Dab tsi yog aldehyde thiab ketone?
Dab tsi yog aldehyde thiab ketone?

Video: Dab tsi yog aldehyde thiab ketone?

Video: Dab tsi yog aldehyde thiab ketone?
Video: Yog Vim Dab Tsi Guitar​ Chords 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Aldehydes muab lawv lub npe los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cawv. Aldehydes muaj cov carbonyl pawg sib txuas nrog tsawg kawg ib qho atom hydrogen. Ketones muaj cov carbonyl pawg sib txuas rau ob lub pa roj carbon atom. Aldehydes thiab ketones yog cov organic tebchaw uas suav nrog a carbonyl pab pawg ua haujlwm, C = O.

Ib yam li ntawd, tib neeg nug, qhov txawv ntawm aldehyde thiab ketone yog dab tsi?

Koj yuav nco ntsoov tias lub Qhov sib txawv ntawm aldehyde thiab ketone yog lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen atom txuas rau carbon-oxygen ob daim ntawv cog lus hauv aldehyde . Ketones tsis muaj hydrogen. Lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen atom ua aldehydes yooj yim heev rau oxidize (piv txwv li, lawv muaj zog txo cov neeg ua haujlwm).

Ib sab saum toj, dab tsi yog aldehydes thiab ketones siv rau? Hauv tsev neeg, acetone yog siv li tus ntsia thawv pleev xim tshem tawm thiab pleev xim thinner. Hauv tshuaj, nws yog siv hauv tshuaj tev thiab kho pob txuv. Methyl ethyl ketone lub cev (MEK), tshuaj butanone, yog ib qho hnyav hnyav. Nws yog siv hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm textiles, varnishes, plastics, xim tshem tawm, paraffin ciab, thiab lwm yam.

Hais txog qhov no, dab tsi yog pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm aldehyde ib ketone?

Aldehydes thiab ketones yog cov organic tebchaw uas suav nrog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm carbonyl, C = O. Cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm pab pawg no muaj ob daim ntawv txuas ntxiv uas yuav raug nyob los ntawm hydrogen lossis alkyl los yog aryl substituents.

Dab tsi yog polyhydroxy aldehydes thiab ketones?

Polyhydroxy aldehydes yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj ntau pawg hydroxyl (-OH) thiab ib aldehyde pab pawg (-C(=O)H) thaum Polyhydroxy ketones yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj ntau pawg hydroxyl thiab a ketone lub cev pab pawg (-C(=O)-). Txawm li cas los xij, ob lub tebchaw no muaj cov pab pawg carbonyl.

Pom zoo: