Cov txheej txheem:
Video: Koj paub qhov txawv ntawm aldehyde los ntawm ketone li cas?
2024 Tus sau: Stanley Ellington | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:17
Koj yuav nco ntsoov tias lub sib txawv nruab nrab ib aldehyde thiab a ketone lub cev yog lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen atom txuas rau carbon-oxygen ob daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv aldehyde . Ketones tsis muaj hydrogen. Lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen atom ua aldehydes yooj yim heev rau oxidize (piv txwv li, lawv muaj zog txo cov neeg ua haujlwm).
Ntawm no, koj yuav kuaj li cas rau aldehydes thiab ketones?
Txheej txheem:
- Dissolve cov organic compound hauv ethanol.
- Rau cov tshuaj no ntxiv cawv reagent ntawm 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine.
- Co lub sib tov zoo.
- Yog hais tias muaj ib tug tsim ntawm daj mus rau txiv kab ntxwv precipitate ces lub compound muab ib tug aldehyde los yog ketone.
Tom qab ntawd, lo lus nug yog, 2 4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent puas tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm ib qho aldehyde thiab ketone? Test rau ib aldehyde los yog ketone lub cev koj yuav siv 2 , 4 - dinitrophenylhydrazine ( 2 , 4 -DNP). 2 , 4 -DNP tov nrog methanol thiab sulfuric acid yog paub raws li Brady's reagent . Yog hais tias ib tug silver grey khoom los yog daim iav zoo li cov nyhuv yog tsim, ib aldehyde yog tam sim no. Yog a ketone lub cev yog tam sim no, muaj yuav yuav tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Kuj paub, Fehling xeem siv tau los paub qhov txawv ntawm ib qho aldehyde thiab ketone?
Fehling tus daws tau ua siv los paub qhov txawv aldehyde vs ua ketone lub cev pab pawg ua haujlwm. Cov compound yuav raug kuaj ntxiv rau lub Fehling daws thiab tus sib tov yog rhuab. Aldehydes yog oxidized, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis ketones ua tsis hnov tsw, tshwj tsis yog lawv yog α-hydroxy ketones.
Dab tsi yuav muab qhov kev kuaj pom zoo?
Lub davhlau ya nyob twg α-hydroxy ketone muab ib tug zoo Tollens ' xeem vim Tollens ' reagent oxidizes α-hydroxy ketone rau aldehyde. Tollens ' reagent tshuaj tsis muaj xim. ketone Ag+ raug txo kom Ag0 uas feem ntau ua daim iav.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov rov qab los ntawm peev thiab rov qab los ntawm peev?
Ua ntej, qee qhov kev txhais. Rov qab los ntawm peev ntsuas qhov rov qab uas qhov kev nqis peev ua rau cov neeg koom nrog peev. Rov qab los ntawm peev (thiab ntawm no Idiffer nrog qee cov ntsiab lus) yog thaum tus neeg ua lag luam tau txais ib feem ntawm nws cov peev txheej qub rov qab - suav nrog cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov nyiaj tau los - los ntawm kev nqis peev
Koj txhais li cas los ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Paub Dab tsi yog cov haujlwm koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm kev paub?
Kev tswj hwm kev paub yog kev tswj hwm ntawm ib lub koom haum kev paub txog cov cuab yeej cuab tam rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim kom muaj nuj nqis thiab ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau thiab cov tswv yim; nws muaj cov thawj coj, cov txheej txheem, cov tswv yim, thiab cov txheej txheem uas txhawb nqa thiab txhim kho kev khaws cia, kev ntsuam xyuas, sib koom, kho kom zoo, thiab tsim
Dab tsi yog aldehyde thiab ketone?
Aldehydes muab lawv lub npe los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cawv. Aldehydes muaj cov pab pawg carbonyl sib txuas nrog tsawg kawg ib lub atom hydrogen. Ketones muaj cov pab pawg carbonyl txuas rau ob lub atoms. Aldehydes thiab ketones yog cov organic tebchaw uas suav nrog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm carbonyl, C = O
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm aldehyde ib ketone thiab carboxylic acid?
Aldehydes thiab ketones muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm carbonyl. Nyob rau hauv ib qho aldehyde, carbonyl yog nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm ib tug carbon saw, thaum nyob rau hauv ib tug ketone, nws yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Carboxylic acid muaj cov carboxyl functional pawg
Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cyclohexane thiab cyclohexene li cas?
Cycloalkanes yog cov organic tebchaw uas tsuas muaj ib qho kev sib cog lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv ib lub nplhaib; cyclohexane yog ib qho piv txwv zoo. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cyclohexane thiab cyclohexene yog tias cyclohexane yog ib qho saturated hydrocarbon thaum cyclohexene yog ib qho tsis muaj hydrocarbon