Video: Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb cais yog dab tsi?
2024 Tus sau: Stanley Ellington | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:17
Statistical tseem ceeb yog feem ntau xyaum siv nyob rau hauv txheeb cais kev ntsuam xyuas hypothesis. Rau piv txwv , koj xav paub seb puas los yog tsis hloov xim ntawm lub pob ntawm koj lub vev xaib los ntawm liab mus rau ntsuab yuav ua rau ntau tus neeg nyem rau ntawm nws. P-value yog hais txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev soj ntsuam qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm a qauv.
Kuj nug, nws txhais li cas kom muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb cais?
Kev txheeb cais tseem ceeb txhais tau tias ib qho tshwm sim yog tsis zoo vim muaj caij nyoog. P-value yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tau txais qhov sib txawv peb pom los ntawm tus qauv (lossis ib qho loj dua) yog tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv rau txhua tus neeg siv. Statistical tseem ceeb tsis txhais tau tias siv tau qhov tseem ceeb.
Nws txhais li cas kom tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb? Qhov "layman's" lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias lub zog ntawm kev sib raug zoo lossis qhov loj ntawm qhov sib txawv tau pom hauv koj qhov qauv, yuav yuav ntau dua TSIS TAU YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS NTAWM POPULATION koj cov qauv purports los sawv cev.
Ua raws li qhov no, koj yuav txiav txim siab li cas yog tias qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb?
Yog koj p-tus nqi tsawg dua los yog sib npaug ntawm qhov teeb qhov tseem ceeb qib, cov ntaub ntawv yog xam tseem ceeb heev . Raws li txoj cai dav dav, lub qhov tseem ceeb qib (los yog alpha) feem ntau yog teem rau 0.05, txhais tau hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev soj ntsuam qhov sib txawv pom hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub caij nyoog tsuas yog 5%.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv piv txwv?
Feem ntau, txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo yog qhov loj dua qauv loj , ntau tseem ceeb heev nws yog-lub ntsiab lus muaj tsawg lub caij nyoog uas koj tau tshwm sim los ntawm coincidence.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog qhov piv txwv piv txwv hauv kev txheeb cais?
Nyob rau hauv kev txheeb cais, sampling bias yog ib tug bias nyob rau hauv uas ib tug piv txwv yog sau nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas ib co tswv cuab ntawm cov neeg npaj muaj ib tug tsawg sampling probability tshaj lwm tus
Kev saib xyuas kev cai lij choj li cas yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab sib npaug?
Lub hwj chim ntawm lub hnab nyiaj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev saib xyuas vim nws tso cai rau lub rooj sib tham.. Kev saib xyuas kev cai lij choj yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev sib npaug vim tias.. Congress tuaj yeem pom tias pawg thawj coj ua raws li txoj cai raws li nws xav. Kev noj haus dab tsi ua rau lub rooj sib tham pom tias ib tus ntawm nws cov tswv cuab tau raug nplua?
Puas yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov tseem ceeb?
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm yog txhua kauj ruam uas muaj kev phom sij tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, tshem tawm lossis txo qis rau qib siab. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li: ua noj, ua kom txias, rov ua kom sov, tuav
Dab tsi yog cov haujlwm thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb cais hauv kev lag luam?
Statistics rau kev lag luam kev txhawj xeeb nws tus kheej nrog kev sau, ua, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam tshwj xeeb. Nws pab peb nkag siab thiab txheeb xyuas cov kev xav ntawm kev lag luam thiab qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv raws li qhov xav tau, khoom muag, nqi, tso zis thiab lwm yam
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev txhawb nqa kab lis kev cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb yog dab tsi?
Piv txwv li, kev cob qhia pab pawg, kev sib koom ua ke lossis kev ua haujlwm taug kev ncig, thiab cov tswv yim hauv tsev uas suav nrog cov kev cuam tshuam ntau tau raug sau npe tias yog kev cuam tshuam los txhawb kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev nyab xeeb