Cov txheej txheem:

Koj yuav txiav txim siab li cas pab pawg haus cawv?
Koj yuav txiav txim siab li cas pab pawg haus cawv?

Video: Koj yuav txiav txim siab li cas pab pawg haus cawv?

Video: Koj yuav txiav txim siab li cas pab pawg haus cawv?
Video: Haus Cawv Daws Kev Nyuaj Siab 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
Anonim

Dej cawv tau muab cais ua thawj, theem nrab, lossis theem nrab, raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon atom uas bears hydroxyl pab pawg . Cov pab pawg cawv cawv : Dej cawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj qhov -OH pab pawg , uas yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib tug khoov duab, zoo li cov dej.

Ib sab ntawm qhov no, dab tsi yog pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm cawv?

Dej cawv yog cov organic sib xyaw nrog hydroxyl (OH) pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm aliphatic carbon atom. Vim tias OH yog pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm txhua tus cawv, peb feem ntau sawv cev cawv los ntawm cov qauv dav dav ROH, qhov twg R yog pawg alkyl. Cawv muaj ntau nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej.

Ib yam nkaus, pab pawg cawv ua haujlwm sau lub npe thiab cov qauv ntawm thawj ob cawv li cas? Qhov tseem ceeb cawv muaj general cov qauv RCH 2 OH Thawj qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws cawv yog methanol (CH3OH), uas R = H, thiab tom ntej yog ethanol , rau qhov twg R = CH3, cov methyl pab pawg . Secondary cawv yog cov ntawm daim ntawv RR'CHOH, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws uas yog 2 -propanol (R = R '= CH3).

Tsis tas li ntawd, pawg neeg ua haujlwm cawv raug kuaj li cas?

Cov pab pawg neeg haus dej cawv tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm kev kuaj hauv qab no:

  1. Sodium hlau kuaj. Cov dej cawv cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau nquag xws li sodium thiab tso cov roj hydrogen uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm effervescence.
  2. Ester xeem.
  3. Ceric ammonium nitrate xeem.
  4. Kev ntsuas acetyl chloride.
  5. Iodoform xeem.

Dab tsi yog 7 pab pawg ua haujlwm?

Muaj 7 pawg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv chemistry ntawm lub neej: Hydroxyl , Carbonyl , Carboxyl , Amino , Thias, Phosphate , thiab aldehyde pawg. 1) Pawg Hydroxyl : muaj cov hydrogen atom covalently sib txuas rau cov pa oxygen.

Pom zoo: